Т. В. Ускова, Ю. В. Юсева

Имя существительное

Артикль рабочая тетрадь

Учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка

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Информация о книге

УДК 811.111(075.8)

ББК 81.2Англ-923

У75

Авторы:

Ускова Т. В., доцент кафедры лингвистики и профессиональной коммуникации в области права Московского государственного лингвистического университета;

Юсева Ю. В., доцент кафедры лингвистики и профессиональной коммуникации в области права Московского государственного лингвистического университета.

Данное учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса, обучающихся по направлению подготовки 40.03.01 «Юриспруденция» (квалификация «бакалавр»), специальностям 40.05.01 «Правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности» («специалист») и 40.05.02 «Правоохранительная деятельность» («специалист»), изучающих английский язык в качестве первого или второго иностранного. Оно может быть использовано при обучении студентов других неязыковых специальностей, а также для широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык.

Пособие является частью учебного комплекса, включающего основной учебник с теоретическим материалом и базовыми упражнениями. Книга представляет собой обширный сборник упражнений и заданий, структурированных по темам двух разделов английской грамматики: имя существительное и использование артиклей с различными категориями имен существительных в английском языке. Упражнения разнообразны по форме и содержанию, могут быть использованы как для классной, так и для самостоятельной работы. Грамматический материал подобран с учетом профессиональной подготовки студентов-юристов.

УДК 811.111(075.8)

ББК 81.2Англ-923

© Ускова Т. В., Юсева Ю. В., 2020

© Московский государственный лингвистический университет, 2020

© Оформление. ООО «Проспект», 2020

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов 1 курса, направление подготовки 40.03.01 «Юриспруденция (бакалавриат)»; специальность – 40.05.01 «Правовое обеспечение национальной безопасности» и 40.05.02 «Правоохранительная деятельность». Также пособие может быть использовано при обучении широкого круга лиц, изучающих английский язык.

Данное учебное пособие по грамматике английского языка охватывает две темы – имя существительное и артикль – и состоит из 14 уроков, в которых приводятся общие сведения по каждой теме и объясняются особые случаи употребления. Цель данного пособия – представить в доступной форме особенности употребления имени существительного и артикля, необходимые для практического использования. Рабочая тетрадь может использоваться как в качестве самостоятельного учебного пособия, так и в комплексе с пособием по грамматике английского языка тех же авторов, посвященным употреблению английских существительных и артиклей.

В основе структуры уроков настоящего пособия лежит принцип сопоставления моделей русского и английского языков, а также дифференциация сходных (для носителя русского языка), но различающихся по сути грамматических структур английского языка.

Пособие рассчитано на 36 часов.

В соответствии со статьей 1274 Гражданского кодекса РФ авторы данного пособия использовали в своей работе с обязательным указанием имени автора и источника заимствования правомерно обнародованные произведения в качестве иллюстрации в объеме, оправданном поставленной целью.

Unit 1. CLASSIFICATION OF NOUNS

1. Proper and common nouns

Task 1. State whether the nouns in bold type are proper or common.

1. The Imperial State Crown of the Queen of England is normally kept at the Tower. 2. This church has a tower attached to it. 3. The English Channel is the narrow area of water between England and France. 4. The main channels had been closed by enemy submarines. 5. You are like a Figaro. One minute here, another there. 6. I’ve bought a Kodak, but I don’t know how it works. 7. In the art circles he was known as a Metsenat. 8. Wellington defeated Napoleon’s army in the battle of Waterloo. 9. Wellingtons are rubber boots. Americans call them galoshes. 10. What had happened, became a Waterloo Bridge for him. 11. He is a real Paparatssi in everything that concerns making money. 12. Rita Brown writes like an American Evelyn Waugh. 13. He is thrilled at his new buy: a classic Mercedes Benz.
14. Antony Marshall lives outside the city. Every morning he drives to the City where he works as staff manager. 15. The Red-­White-­and-­Blue Union Jack hung out of every window, fluttering in the breeze. 16. Degas and Monet were her husband’s favourite artists, and both were well represen­ted in their house. 17. He glanced at the list of her art collection. Sisleys, Monets, Manets, a Dali, Renoirs and a Degas. It was a fabulous collection. 18. Carl Faberge was Russia’s Imperial Jeweller. 19. – What a beautiful Easter egg! – Yes, it’s a Faberge. 20. The two friends bought a Johnny Walker to celebrate the event. 21. Kurt Vonnegut is writing with the half-­embittered, half-­amused voice of a later-­day Mark Twain. 22. Tonight Samantha wore highly polished black Oxfords.

Task 2. Explain the origin and the meaning of the following common nouns. Use them in sentences of your own.

A Dracula, a Cartier, a Sony, a Camel, a Marlborough, a complete Shakespeare, a Reebok, a Mauzer, a Lovelace, a Webster, a Don Juan, a Dunhill, the White House, a Barbie, a Jillet, a Stradivarius, an Oscar, a Walkman, bermudas, a Xerox, a Newton.

Countable or uncountable?

Task 3. Comment on the nouns in bold type.

1. I dropped in at the supermarket and bought a few cold meats, and I also made a salad. 2. Fruit juices are ideal in hot weather. 3. Good wines are the best buys before Christmas. 4. My Granny makes four jams every year. 5. A set menu in this Chinese cafe consists of four soups. I prefer a Singapo­rean seafood soup. It tastes and smells terrific. 6. I used to eat toast with orange marmalade. 7. I always have a beer while watching television. 8. France has an excellent range of cheeses. 9. Herbal teas are my favourite. 10. Can I offer you something? Coffee, tea, a soda, perhaps? 11. Tea is our most social and sociable drink – a part of our daily life for well over 300 years. 12. The finest rums come from Puerto Rico. 13. This shop sells fine foods. 14. Harrods has so much to offer. Vintage wines and sparkling champagne, rustic country pates and silky smooth terrines, delicate scented teas and subtle infusions, buttery shortbread biscuits and rich fruity jams, robust pickles and tangy relishes, mature farmhouse cheddars and crumbly stiltons, hams and smoked salmon which melts in the mouth – all presented in traditional wicker baskets or Harrods boxes. The only thing Harrods can’t supply is the weather!

Task 4. Make up exclamatory sentences according to the model.

Model: competent advice – What competent advice! good question – What a good question!

1. original advice, great idea
2. beautiful nature, difficult character
3. fashionable furniture, big refrigerator
4. modern equipment, ancient fortress
5. unexpected money, great fortune
6. wonderful music, sentimental tune
7. hitting news strange call
8. good progress, big success
9. heavy traffic, busy line
10. miserable weather, nasty day
11. deep knowledge, excellent certificate
12. difficult work, pleasant job
13. terrific Russian linen, linen towel
14. leafy foliage, beautiful leaf

Task 5. Explain the difference between the following pairs of words and use them in sentences of your own.

A.

1. air – an air
2. beauty – a beauty
3. coffee – a coffee
4. cloth – a cloth
5. dinner – a dinner
6. fire – a fire
7. glass – a glass
8. language – a language
9. lemon – a lemon
10. light – a light
11. nature – a nature
12. oak – an oak
13. paper – a paper
14. play – a play
15. power – a power
16. rubber – a rubber
17. ice – an ice
18. stone – a stone
19. study – a study
20. will – a will

B. Make up sentences with the following pairs of words to show the diffe­rence between them.

сhicken – a chicken, experience – an experience, hair – a hair, iron – an iron, lace – a lace, room – a room, speech – a speech, sport – a sport, success – a success, time – a time, wood – a wood, work – a work, whisky – a whisky, fish – a fish, fruit – a fruit

Task 6. Choose the appropriate noun from the list below for each sentence. Add an article (a/an/the) or plural (s/es) where necessary.

Affection, spirit, information, red, damage, paper, milk, wonder, left, glass, luggage, wood, cheese, wild, work, water, wool, salt

1. It’s a very shy animal and lives in …; it’s rarely seen in the open fields. 2. The girl in the travel agent’s was very helpful and gave me lots of … about Turkey. 3. Our dairy produces five different …. 4. He never really loved her – he just toyed with her …. 5. Sorry, sir, you can’t have whisky. Our license doesn’t allow us to serve …, only wine or beer. 6. “Hamlet” is one of Shakespeare’s best known …. 7. I didn’t know you were short-­sighted. How long have you been wearing …? 8. He buys … on the way home to check the race results. 9. I need … which will match the other shades of scarlet in the room. 10. Roquefort and Camembert are only two of the wide variety of … produced in France. 11. This plant is only found in … of Alaska. 12. To get to the station, you should take … just after the bridge. 13. Many Englishmen have explored … of the Nile.14. Sorry I’m late – some of my … went missing at the airport. 15. Woodworm can cause a lot of … if it is not treated. 16. British … such as cashmere, mohair, lambswool, merino wool come mostly from the Shetlands. 17. … occurs naturally in sea water. 18. Where are my bathing …? 19. The Great Pyramid of Cheops is one of the seven … of the Ancient World; it’s the only one that has survived and exists today.

Task 7. Translate into English.

1. Это здание построено из белого камня. 2. Я больше не могу идти, мне в ботинок попал камешек. 3. Он был настоящим художником и мог оценить красоту. 4. Его невеста – настоящая красавица. 5. Лимон богат витамином С. 6. Купи к чаю лимон и мед. 7. Китайский язык очень трудный. 8. Язык обладает силой влиять на поступки людей. 9. Чтобы восстановиться после такой аварии, нужна очень сильная воля. 10. Если хотите составить завещание, вам нужно обратиться к нотариусу. 11. Свет необходим для жизни. 12. Когда мы почти потеряли надежду, мы увидели вдалеке огонек. 13. Природу нужно охранять. 14. У моей сестры очень романтичная натура. 15. Фруктовые и овощные соки очень полезны. 16. На завтрак у меня обычно овсянка и апельсиновый сок. 17. Дания, Голландия и Швейцария славятся своими сырами, а Италия и Франция знамениты своими винами.

2. Gender of nouns

Task 8. Explain whether the nouns below denote male or female people.

an agent, a client, a cousin, a mermaid, a friend, a foreigner, a guest, a lawyer, a neighbour, a parent, a journalist, a person, a scientist, a stranger, a visitor, a witch, a wizard, a magician, a clown, a fairy, an amazon, a brunette, a sailor, a spy, a ballet dancer, a ballerina, an angel

Task 9. Give the nouns of the opposite sex.

a boy, a father, a son, a king, a gentleman, a bridegroom, a headmaster, a bachelor, Mr., a bull, a man, an actor, a count, an emperor, a mayor, a god, a host, a heir, a manager, a millionaire, a prince, a poet, a waiter, a widow, a lion, a tiger, a hero, a czar, a giant, a businessman.

Task 10. Read and translate the sentences. Explain how gender of the nouns is expressed in them. Make a conclusion as to what kinds of inanimate nouns can be replaced with the pronouns he/she.

1. Ireland! She is our Motherland. 2. The New Year brought more disastrous news for Britain and her allies. 3. Mine is a fine car. She has ne­ver let me down. 4. What a fine yacht! – Yes, and she cost me a fortune. 5. I can’t guarantee at all that this plane will get down on the field. She’s just as likely to pan down or overshoot. We’ll probably try to bring her in from the east. I want you to unlock the autopilot, it will hold her straight and level. 6. I reached for my little dog and picked her up. 7. The novel is about Japan’s major problems, the adoption of Western style and the preservation of her own. 8. He called her “Beautiful Dreamer”. She was one of the most magnificent oceangoing yachts ever designed by the best naval architects. 9. My cat is such a funny little animal; she always brings a smile to my face and makes me laugh.

Task 11. Read the text and retell it. Do you think it is possible/necessary to alter grammar in accordance with changing social and political realia?

Gender Benders

Correct grammar beats political correctness, even in France. Each of the seven women in the French Government is in future to be addressed as Madame La Ministre according to the decree of the Prime Minister. But language laughs at legislators, for French grammar recognizes no governments other than its own rules. Ministre, like most titles and descriptions of professions in French, is of the masculine gender. The designation of a doctor, director or mayor is masculine, even when the holder of that post is a woman. Linguistic gender has no connection with sex or “natural” gender. Female sailors and farmers were rare in Ancient Rome. But their occupations are in the feminine gender in Latin, the mother of all the Romance languages. A spoon is masculine in German (der Loffel); a fork is feminine (die Gabel); and a knife is neuter (das Messer). Suspicious French feminists have recently published research suggesting that words of the feminine gender describe domestic items such as une casserole (a saucepan), while masculine words carry more prestige, like un livre (a book). Their evidence is gibberish. Even in languages such as English, where gender is mercifully vestigial and recalled only in pronouns, countries, ships and vehicles are called “she”, as well as “it”. Gender is not a matter of feminine stereotypes, for “she” can be used in anger. Guns, tanks and trucks that refuse to work are still cursed as feminine.

This question of French gender is being debated with fit passion, as some people care more for political correctness than grammar. Language does evolve, but not for official circulars. So, why not go the whole way and have La Ministresse? If the French are starting to find gender odd, then it will fade away, as it has in English. Even French female masculine ministers have no right (or power) to alter French grammar.

Are you “politically correct”? Which of the following terms do you use?

1. a) Mrs b) Ms
2. a) a chairman b) a chairperson
3. a) a fireman b) a firefighter
4. a) a pensioner b) a senior citizen
5. a) the handicapped b) the disabled c) the differently abled
6. a) a Red Indian b) a Native American
7. a) ladies b) women
8. a) a congressman b) a member of Congress
9. a) a mailman b) a mail carrier
10. a) mankind b) humanity
11. a) a policeman (woman) b) a police officer

Unit 2. THE CASE OF NOUNS

1. Case of nouns

Task 1. Join the nouns by means of -‘s / -s’ or of-­phrase.

1. the owner/that car
2. the mother/Ann
3. the jacket/that man
4. the top/the page
5. the daughter/Charles
6. the cause/the problem
7. the newspaper/yesterday
8. The birthday/my father
9. The name/this street
10. The toys/the children
11. The new manager/the company
12. The result/the football match
13. The garden/our neighbours
14. The ground floor/the building
15. The children/Don and Mary
16. The economic policy/the government
17. The husband/Catherine
18. The husband/the woman talking to Mary
19. The car/the parents/Mike
20. The wedding/the friend/Helen

Task 2. Paraphrase the following expressions and sentences using the Possessive.

A. What is another way of saying these things? Mind the use of the indefinite article in the following pattern.

1. a hat for a woman
2. a name for a boy
3. clothes for children
4. a school for girls
5. a nest for a bird
6. a magazine for women

B. Read the sentences and write new sentences beginning with the underlined words. Pay attention to the way nouns denoting time and place may be used in the possessive case.

1. The meeting tomorrow has been cancelled.
2. The storm last week caused a lot of damage.
3. Exports from Britain to the United States have fallen recently.
4. Tourism is the main industry in the region.
5. The only cinema in the town has closed down.

C. Use the information given to complete the sentences. If possible, complete them in two possible ways.

1. If I leave my house at 9 o’clock and drive to London, I arrive at about 12. So it’s about three hours’ drive to London from my house (drive).
2. If I leave my house at 8.55 and walk to the station, I get there at 9 o’clock. So it’s only __________________________ from my house to the station (walk).
3. I’m going on holiday on the 12^th. I have to be back at work on the 26^th. So I’ve got _______________________ (holiday).
4. I went to sleep at 3 o’clock this morning and woke up an hour later. After that I couldn’t sleep. So last night I only had __________________ (sleep).

Task 3. Put the following phrases in the plural form of the possessive case.

Pattern: this boy’s/bag – these boys’ bags

1. this designer/work 2. my sister/clothes 3. this woman/umbrella 4. this country/economy 5. my friend/advice 6. his teacher/question 7. this man/wife 8. my child/toy 9. this city/mayor 10. this sheep/wool

Task 4. Replace the of-­phrase by the noun in the possessive case.

A. 1. The wife of our neighbour. 2. The order of the commander-­in-­chief. 3. The house of Mr. Lanister. 4. The novels of Dickens. 5. The

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