g — pronounced like “j” in “jam” before e, i (gelato, giro)
gl — this combination is a unique sound! It’s pronounced like “lli” in the English word “million” (famiglia)
gn — another unique sound! It’s pronounced like the “ny” in the English word “canyon” (ogni)
h — is ALWAYS silent. You’ll see it in some words, but never pronounce it! (ho — I have)
r — is rolled, especially at the beginning of words. Give it a try! (rosso)
s — can be pronounced like “s” in “sun” OR like “z” in “zoo,” depending on the word. You’ll get used to it! (casa — “za-sa”, sole — “so-le”)
z — usually pronounced like “ts” in “cats” or “dz” in “adze” (pizza)
Common Greetings & Introductions
Italian for Beginners: A Step-by-Step Guide
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Аlexander Chekhanovski