От автора
Книга «Easy Reading» предназначена для тренировки навыков чтения у младших школьников. Её можно использовать как самостоятельно, так и в дополнение к любому школьному учебнику.
Важно обратить внимание ребенка на то, что буквы мы пишем, а звуки — слышим и произносим. Одна и та же буква в разном положении может обозначать разные звуки, а один и тот же звук может обозначаться разными буквами или буквосочетаниями.
Сначала вы ознакомитесь с гласными и согласными звуками. 12 уроков легко помогут запомнить правила и выработать устойчивые навыки чтения. Для их закрепления в конце учебника вы найдете веселые стихотворения, часть которых рекомендуется выучить наизусть.
Английский алфавит — The ABC
Гласные звуки
Транскрипция — это то, как читается звук в данном слове. Гласные звуки бывают долгими и краткими.
Букв, которые передают гласные, в алфавите всего 6: Aa, Ee, Ii, Oo, Uu, Yy. Гласных звуков при этом 20:
Краткие гласные:
[i] — и (краткий)
[ʊ] — у (краткий)
[ʌ] — а (краткий)
[ɔ] — о (краткий)
[ə] — всегда безударный звук, похож на «э»
[e] — звук, средний между «э» и «е», произносимый с растянутыми в сторону губами, как при улыбке.
[æ] — долгий «э» с широко раскрытым ртом и сильно опущенной нижней челюстью, среднее между «а» и «э».
Долгие гласные:
[i: ] — и (долгий)
[u: ] — у (долгий)
[ɑ: ] — а (долгий)
[ɔ: ] — о (долгий)
[ə: ] — напоминает звук ё, но только без начального звука «й». Например, как в фамилии Гёте.
Дифтонги — двойные гласные звуки:
[iə] — иэ
[ʊə] — уэ
[ai] — ай
[ɔi] — ой
[oʊ] — оу
[ɛə] — эа (произносится быстро)
[aʊ] — ау
[ei] — эй
Согласные звуки
Букв, которые передают согласные, в алфавите 20: Bb, Cc, Dd, Ff, Gg, Hh, Jj, Kk, Ll, Mm, Nn, Pp, Qq, Rr, Ss, Tt, Vv, Ww, Xx, Zz. Согласных звуков при этом 24.
Звонкие согласные:
[b] — как русский б
[d] — д (кончик языка на альвеолах)
[ʒ] — ж
[ʤ] — дж
[g] — г
[m] — м
[n] — н (кончик языка на альвеолах)
[ŋ] — носовой звук н, похож на французский прононс
[l] — л (кончик языка на альвеолах)
[r] — мягкий р
[w] — среднее между «у» и «в». Округлите губы как для произнесения звука «у», а потом резко расслабьте их.
[v] — в (чуть прикусить нижнюю губу)
[ð] — нет аналогии в русском языке. Произнесите русский «з» с языком между зубами.
[z] — как русский з
Глухие согласные:
[p] — взрывной п
[t] — т (кончик языка на альвеолах)
[ʃ] — ш
[ʧ] — ч (близок к сочетанию «тш»)
[k] — взрывной к
[f] — ф (чуть прикусить нижнюю губу)
[h] — х (гораздо мягче русского, практически один только выдох)
[j] — й
[θ] — нет аналогии в русском языке. Произнесите русскую «с» с языком между зубами.
[s] — как русский с
Ударение в английской транскрипции ставится перед ударным слогом, а не над ним, как в русском языке. Этот знак (') заранее предупреждает нас об ударении.
Lesson 1
A
[æ] cat, map, rat, can, ant, fat, has, lamp, mat, man, and, hat, ham, bag, bad, grab, band, fan, hand, van, apple, black, add, ax, bat, cap, happy, dad, land, plan, glad, flat, jam, salad, tag, mad, tram, Sam, have
[ei] cake, lake, make, name, skate, plane, whale, fake, plate, game, hate, grapes, take, sale, wave, table, date, snake, fame, same
[ɑ: ] art, smart, car, jar, part, party, far, garden, start, market, dark, lark, bark, mark, park, star, Mark, carpet, Margaret, sharp, guitar, barn, scarf, yard, arm, bar, shark, start, farm
[eə] hare, square, care, rare, prepare, dare, parents, Mary, bare
Lesson 2
I
[i] big, dig, pin, pig, dish, fish, wig, swim, give, win, bin, six, kiss, kid, twin, ski, twig, is, list, milk, sit, rich, kitten, his, live, pink
[ai] five, time, nine, like, pipe, bike, fine, mice, dive, rice, nice, line, pie, lie, die, tie, hike, hide, ride, dice, slice, Mike, I, ice, hi, kite, drive, white
[ɜ: ] skirt, dirty, shirt, T-shirt, firm, first, birth, bird, Sir, third
[aiə] fire, hire, tired, wire
Lesson 3
E
[e] desk, pen, let, vest, bed, bell, nest, egg, elbow, elf, tent, hen, dress, ten, pet, net, jet, help, Ben, lesson, leg, test, best, red, smell, wet, west, seven
[i: ] she, he, we, me, be, Steve, Pete, eve
[ɜ: ] her, verb, term, serve, perfect
[iə] here, sphere
[i: ] beet, feet, bee, tree, see, Greece, green, feed, street, meet, need, keep, queen, week, geese, seem, deep, free, steeple, feel
Lesson 4
Y
[i] gym, pyramid, system, symbol
[ai] my, cry, type, bye, fly, try, fry, sky, dry, July
[i] body, candy, party, puppy, city, angry, hungry, berry, study, family, pretty, baby, teddy
[j] yes, yellow, yesterday, yell, yoga, you, your, yard, yet
Lesson 5
O
[ɒ] top, doll, log, dog, fox, rock, mop, pond, top, drop, job, hot, frog, box, cock, soft, cross, hop, sock, clock, fog
[əʊ] no, nose, home, note, old, rose, stone, joke, rope, go, open, smoke, bone, toe, hose, cold, gold
[ɔ: ] fork, horse, store, bored, or, for, more, wore, sport, short, before, shore, chore
[ʌ] come, some, love, dove, above, glove, money, other, mother, brother
Lesson 6
U
[ʌ] jug, plump, cut, hut, but, up, puppy, dust, duck, bug, cub, fun, sun, bun, cup, nut, drum, lunch, under, gum, mud, mug
[ju: ] cute, music, tube, tulip, pupil, student, computer
[ɜ: ] turn, curtain, turtle, church, purse, curly, burn, purple, hurt, surf, surname, turkey, nurse
[juə] pure, cure, secure
[ʊ] put, push, bush, pull, full
Lesson 7
C
[k] cat, cap, cut, clap, cold, cry, clean
[s] centre, cinema, nice, face, city, ice, place, space, cylinder
G
[dʒ] page, gym, age, change, large, general, giraffe, magic, orange
[g] game, dog, frog, egg, green, glass, good, gun, go
[dʒ] porridge, bridge, knowledge, judge
[g] guide, guitar, guilty, guest, guard, guess
J
[dʒ] jam, jug, jellyfish, jacket, jungle, joke, jeans, jump, jar, Jane, Jack, Jim, job, jumper, Jenny, jet
Lesson 8
TH
[ð] the, this, that, these, those, then, there, they, mother, father, brother, bathe, with
[θ] thank, thief, thin, thick, three, third, thunder, thumb, fifth, tenth, tooth, bath, truth, south, north, mouth
NG
[ŋ] sing, bring, song, wrong, ring, morning, long, thing, swimming, evening, reading, along
CK
[k] pack, pick, black, crack, stick, click, clock, truck, neck, brick, check, duck, quick, chicken, Nick, sick, sack, rack, stock, block
Lesson 9
SH
[ʃ] ship, dish, push, wash, fish, shark, shop, bush, shirt, shine, shelf, wish, mushroom, show, sharp, brush, short
CH
[ʧ] chin, chocolate, chess, much, chat, such, lunch, bench, kitchen, teacher, chore, chest, cherry
[k] school, technical, character, chorus, architect
PH
[f] elephant, phone, dolphin, photo
Lesson 10
[kw] squirrel, queen, question, quick, square, quiet, quite, quiz
[ks] six, box, fox, next, text, Max, mix
[ɔ:l] wall, all, small, ball, always, almost, also, bald, false, salt, fall, call
[ɑ: ] palm, calm, half, calf
[ɑ: ] fast, past, last, task, ask, mask, grass, class, glass, plant, father, after, path
Lesson 11
EA
[i: ] meat, read, beat, tea, cheap, weak, sea, beach, bean, dream, heat, clean, leaf, jeans, please
[e] bread, head, deaf, instead, meadow, health
[ɜ: ] pearl, heard, learn, early, earn
[eə] pear, tear, wear, bear
[ɪə] ear, dear, hear, fear, clear, beard
Lesson 12
[ʊ] book, good, wood, look, took, food, cook, mood, stood
[u: ] spoon, moon, zoo, pool, wool, room, broom, roof, foot, goose, cool, root, noon, choose
[əʊ] goat, soap, boat, coat, road, goal, oak
[aʊ] house, mouse, blouse, mouth, out, mountain, count
[əʊ] snow, window, crow, slow, row, rainbow, low, show, bowl, fellow, elbow, grow, yellow, Moscow, pillow, narrow, blow, flow
[aʊ] town, cow, brown, clown, crown, bow, down, now, towel, flower, owl, how, power, tower, shower
Lesson 13
W
[w] wheel, what, when, why, white, where, while, which, whistle, whale, whether, whisper
[h] who, whose, whom, whole
[r] write, wreath, wrap, wrong, wrack, wrote
[n] knife, know, knock, knight, knit, knot, knee, knowledge
[s] castle, listen, whistle, pestle, Christmas
[m] comb, bomb, climb, tomb, lamb
[t] doubt, debt
[n] sign, foreign, design, designer, gnome
Lesson 14
[ei] sail, tail, fail, wait, train, rain, main, snail, nail, mail
[eə] chair, hair, fair, pair, air
[ei] play, day, way, May, pay, say, lay, today
[ei] grey, they
[ɔi] noise, join, boy, toy, enjoy, oil, Roy, Troy, point, coin, boil, soil, spoil, choice, voice
[t] right, night, fight, light, bright, might, eight, bought, caught, brought, taught, fought
[ai] find, kind, child, behind, mild, blind, mind
Lesson 15
[ə] ruler, brother, teacher, rubber, sister, dancer
[ʊd] should, could, would
[ɒ] swan, want, swamp
[ɔ: ] warm, wasp, war, wand, wardrobe
[ɔ: ] saw, paw, straw, law, dawn, lawn
[ɜ: ] work, word, world, worth, worm, worse
[ju: ] few, new, knew, dew
[ʃn] collection, operation, construction, presentation, communication, production, sensation, national
Easy Rhymes
My cat
I love my cat.
It is warm and fat.
My cat is grey.
It likes to play.
My dog
My dog can’t talk
But it can bark!
I take my dog
And go to the park!
Blue
Blue is the ocean.
Blue is the sky.
Blue are the blueberries
I put into the pie.
Christmas
One, two, three,
It’s a Christmas tree!
Three, two, one,
Christmas is fun!
Father Frost
Father Frost
Bring many toys
For little girls
And little boys!
Good night
Good night, mother.
Good night, father.
Kiss your little son.
Good night, sister.
Good night, brother.
Good night, everyone.
Dog
I am a dog.
I like to guard the house.
I can guard everyone:
A cock, a cow, a mouse.
Seasons
Spring is green
Summer is bright
Autumn is yellow
Winter is white
Giraffe
I am a giraffe.
I want to wear a scarf.
But there is no scarf
For the poor giraffe.
Swan
Swan swam over the sea.
Swim, swan, swim!
Swan swam back again.
Well swum, swan!
New Year
This is the season
When children ski.
And Father Frost brings
The bright New Year Tree.
Trick or treat
Sticky fingers,
Tired feet;
One last house,
«Trick or Treat!»
Halloween
The bats come out.
The cats come out.
The pumpkins come out, too.
The treats come out.
The ghosts come out.
It’s Halloween! Boo!
Mice
I think mice are very nice.
Their ears are pink,
Their teeth are white.
